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| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
The Philippine journal of veterinary medicine / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Remil L. Galay, Editor-in-Chief. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Laguna : |
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UPLB, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
January-June 2020. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
129 pages ; |
| Dimensions |
29 cm. |
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| Volume/sequential designation |
V.57, No.1 |
| 505 0# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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ANTIDIARRHEAL EFFECT OF A COMMERCIALIZED MIXED HERBAL MEDI CINE AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH PROBIOTICS IN DIARRHEIC WATER BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis) CALVES Gabriel Alexis SP. Tubalinal, DVM Ryo Murata, DVM, PhD Toshio Nakamori Misao Onuma, DVM, PhD Claro N. Mingala, DVSM, MVSt, PhD Abstract The study assessed the efficacy of a commercialized mixed herbal medicine in alleviating diarrhea in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. The study involved 15 diarrheic water buffalo calves regardless of sex and with less than a year old from one farm divided into three treatments using randomized block design. Treatment 1 was served as control given with antibiotics and intestinal protectants.; Treatment 2 was mixed herbal medicine and probiotics and lastly, Treatment 3 was mixed herbal medicine only. The calves were treated three times a day for seven days for Treatments 2 and 3 while Treatment 1 (control) were treated once a day for 7 days. The animals were ob served and scoring of diarrhea were done and recorded daily for the next 7 days. Results of the study showed significant decrease in diarrhea scores on Day 6 and 7 post-treat ment in Treatments 1 and 2 compared to the control. At Day 8 post-treatment, all calves showed soft to apparently normal stool. Genetic analysis of the possible causative agent of diarrhea revealed infection caused by rotavirus A, bovine coronavirus, BVDV, and ETEC. Results revealed that diarrhea caused by these pathogens can be alleviated by the herbal medicine and herbal medicine in addition of probiotics parallel to antibiotic treatment. |
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BIOSECURITY ASSESSMENT AND TRADING NETWORK ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARMS IN CANDABA, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES Neil Tanquilut, Maria Victoria Espaldon, Decibel Eslava, Rico Ancog, Celia Medina, Michelle Grace Paraso, Ronnie Domingo, and Reynaldo Bundalian Jr Abstract The Philippine duck industry has seen a steady growth in recent years. However, the industry's association with bird flu in 2017 and the apparent low compliance to strict biosecurity were feared to set back its development. Through face to face interviews, compliance of 171 duck farms in Candaba, Pampanga to basic biosecurity measures was assessed. Majority (69%) of farms had poor compliance to these measures while 14% (24/171) and 17% (29/171) had moderate and good compliance, respectively. The trading network was also analyzed using social network analysis which revealed the wide distribution of duck and duck products on a local, regional, and national scale (reaching even to Visayas and Mindanao). The network also brought to light the importance of middlemen in the network. The results of this study suggest the need to craft appropriate policies to improve compliance to biosecurity measures in this industry. Up-scaling of the backyard style of operation and management of the industry is highly recommended. Furthermore, this study may offer a new perspective in crafting policies for disease prevention, surveillance, monitoring, and control of duck diseases and zoonosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the Philippines that assessed biosecurity and analyzed trading networks in duck farms. |
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SIX ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR EMBALMING DOGS FOR GROSS DISSECTION STUDIES Jojo D. Cauilan, DVM, MSc Bella C. Cruzana, DVM, PhD Rio John T. Ducusin, DVM, MAgr, PhD Ceferino P. Maala, DVM, MS, PhD Abstract Due to its health hazards, the quest for formalin substitutes has long been going on. This study was conducted to compare the efficiency of six alternative fixative solutions as to the traditional formalin used to preserve dog specimen for gross dissection in veterinary anatomy. Dogs (n=35) in each treatment group were embalmed with 10% formalin (Treatment 1), Soap Ethanol-based Fixing Solution (Treatment 2), Weigner's Solution (Treatment 3), modified SEFS 1 (Treatment 4), modified SEFS 2 (Treatment 5), modified Weigner's Solution 1 (Treatment 6) and modified Weigner's Solution 2 (Treatment 7). Color, texture, odor characteristic, and conjunctival irritation scoring was done once a month for five months by the evaluators. Among the six alternative fixative solutions used, Treatment 6 had shown results that are most favorable for use in gross anatomical dissection. Treatment 6 can be used as an alternative fixative for gross anatomical studies considering the factors in selection of the type of fixative required for dissection such as the retention of color and texture of tissues and organs, odor characteristic, and conjunctival irritability, and including its nature of being an environmentally friendly preservative. |
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DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF VARROOSIS IN EUROPEAN HONEY BEES, Apis mellifera L., (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN AN APIARY John Paul F. Galvez, DVM, Richard D. Lagrimas, MS, Riva Marie C. Gonzales, DVM, MPH, Jesalyn L. Constante, DVM, MS, Remil L. Galay, DVM, PhD Abstract Varroosis is one of the most destructive parasites of the European honey bees Apis mellifera. Due to the spill-over from its natural host, the Asian honey bee, Varroa caus es devastating effects in its alternate host as the bees have not yet developed immunity against the parasite. In this case, dissection of the trachea, removal of the gut and wet mount preparation, and sugar shake method were conducted to examine for suspected pathogens including mites. Approximately 300 European honey bees were sampled for the sugar shake method and 30 honey bees were sampled for tracheal dissection and gut removal. Diagnostic tests showed negative results for Nosema spores, tracheal mites, and Tropilaelaps. The sugar shake method revealed a positive result for Varroa de structor with a 5% infestation. Impregnated flumethrin strips were used as varroacide treatment. The sugar shake method and mite fall monitoring were used as part of man agement practices. Recommendations include rotation of miticide use, implementation of biotechnical methods and integrated pest management, requeening, re-stocking with Varroa-resistant bees, and veterinary supervision of the apiary. Being the most import ant parasite of honey bees, proper treatment and management are needed in reducing its number to that which is below the economic threshold. |
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES ON PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME OF SMALLHOLD SWINE RAISERS IN SELECTED LO CALITIES OF LEYTE PROVINCE Kenny Oriel A. Olana, DVM, MVE Loinda R. Baldrias, DVM, MS, PhD Jovencio Hubert A. Abalos, DVM, MS Amadeo A. Alcantara, DVM, MS Abstract Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that causes significant production and economic losses to swine raisers. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of backyard and small-hold swine raisers in Leyte towards PRRS. Data were gathered from 104 small-hold and backyard swine raisers in 11 localities in Leyte through questionnaire-interview. KAP levels were determined by performing descriptive statistics. Predictors and associated variables were verified through univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The majority of the respondents have poor knowledge (90, 86.54%) and practices (88, 84.62%) on PRRS. Nevertheless, majority (65, 62.5%) have good attitudes towards the control and prevention of PRRS. Education (p<0.0001) and the number of years of experience (1-5 years, 6-10 years, and 16-20 years; p < 0.0001) in raising pigs seem to have an important role in the knowledge and practices of the farmers. Information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns on PRRS can be a very helpful tool to educate the farmers and improve their knowledge and practices on economically important swine diseases. |
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NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) AMONG HOSPITALIZED DOGS IN NUEVA ECIJA, PHILIPPINES Paul A. Cardenio, DVM, Ronalie B. Rafael, DVM, MS, Yasser C. Cabansag, DVM, Apolinario V. Yambot, PhD Abstract Dogs are potential carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is an emerging public health concern. This study was performed to isolate and characterize MRSA from the nasal vestibule of hospitalized dogs. Nasal swabs were collected from 50 dogs with skin and respiratory problems from five veterinary clinics in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The samples were enriched in Trypticase Soy Broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, then purified in 5% egg yolk- tellurite supplemented Baird-Parker media. Selected colonies were transferred to Brain Heart Infusion Broth and cultured in MRSA chromogenic agar supplemented with cefoxitin. The DNA was extracted and was subjected to multiplex PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined using disk diffusion method. A total of 31 dogs had coagulase-positive Staphylococci. Nasal carriage rate of MRSA among hospitalized dogs was 2%. Multiplex PCR positively detected 16S rRNA, femA and the MRSA resistance gene, mecA. The isolate was negative for luk-S gene, responsible for Panton-Valentine Leukocidin. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the isolate was resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin and rifampicin, intermediate resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and susceptible to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. This study proves the presence of MRSA in hospitalized dogs in the study area through bacterial isolation and multiplex PCR. |
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PRE- AND POST-PARTURITION INSULIN RESISTANCE IN GHEZEL EWES (Ovis aries) Aliasghar Chalmeh, DVM, PhD, Abdolah Mirzaei, DVM, PhD, Mehrdad Pourjafar, DVM, PhD, Khalil Badiei, DVM, PhD, Mohammad Mazrouei Sebdani, DVM, Iman Saadat Akhtar, DVM, Mohammad Hadi Zarei, DVM Abstract While there are several studies on insulin resistance in ruminants, information regarding this phenomenon in Ghezel ewes as a fat-tailed breed is rare. In the present study, the intra-venous glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate insulin resistance in sheep. Five adult Ghezel ewes were selected at 4 weeks before parturition and followed at 2 weeks before, 2 and 4 weeks, and 2, 3, and 4 months after parturition. A blood sample was taken and dextrose 50% was administered at 500 mg/kg, 10 ml/ kg/hour. Blood samples were collected from all ewes prior to and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after dextrose infusion to analyze glucose and insulin levels. The glucose and insulin levels at Hour Four remained significantly higher than Hour Zero in pre parturition periods. Despite presence of high concentrations of insulin, high levels of glucose were seen in pre parturition periods which represented insulin resistance in these periods. Finally, the highest degree of insulin resistance was observed at pre parturition periods in Ghezel ewes and it may be concluded that protecting the ewes from insulin resistance at pre parturition periods may manage their metabolic healthiness. |
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RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS ON BOVINE MASTITIS IN DAIRY HERDS OF BATANGAS, PHILIPPINES Flor Marie Immanuelle R. Pilapil-Amante, DVM, MSc Loinda R. Baldrias, DVM, MS, PhD Antonio A. Rayos, DVM, MS, PhD Billy P. Divina, DVM, MS Abstract Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland. It is the most costly disease in dairy cattle due to the milk production loss and culling of infected animals (Barlow, 2011). This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bovine mastitis and to understand the factors that predict the occurrence and the use of antibiotics in the treatment and control of mastitis in dairy cattle farms assisted by the National Dairy Authority (NDA) in Batangas, Philippines. Two thousand four hundred six (2,406) teats from 624 milking cows in 12 dairy cattle farms were subjected to the California mastitis test (CMT) last June 2016. A pretested standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on each farm. CMT results showed a 9% (215/2,406) subclinical mastitis rate and an 18% (425/2,406) clinical mastitis rate. Thirty nine percent (14/36) of the potential risk factors were identified. The practice variable: dry off treated cows without markings (P18) and the knowledge variable: incorrect knowledge on extra-label use of antibiotics leading to antimicrobial resistance (K6) remained significant (p<0.05) in the regression analysis. Mastitis management is essential not only for farm economics but also for public health. |
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SURFACE MUCOSA OF THE UTERINE TUBES OF SEXUALLY MATURE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis LINN.) UNDER SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) Virgilio D. Viernes Jr., DVSM, MSc, PhD Abstract Surface mucosa of the uterine tubes of sexually mature Philippine water buffalo was described using 12 specimens from apparently healthy animals. Specimens were dissected to identify the four major subdivisions such as the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and uterotubal junction. Each subdivision was longitudinally cut into two equal halves then pre - fixed using 10 percent formalin. After 24 hours, it was then subjected to routine scanning electron microscopy technique. Processed specimens mounted on metal stubs were observed under the scanning electron microscope. The surface mucosa of each subdivision showed a marked variation in the appearance of the epithelial structures such as the peg cells, goblet cells, and cilia. The peg cells were interspersed between clumps of cilia which were irregularly distributed on the mucosal surfaces. The cilia sometimes merged with each other, and can be mistaken as goblet cells. The orientations were varied even projecting to different directions and could be found in group or merged with each other. These irregular patterns were attributed to the abnormal estrous cycle or poor breeders such as those animals in the slaughter house where the specimens were collected. |
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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF FETAL GROWTH IN SOWS FED ACTIVATED INSULIN LIKE-GROWTH FACTOR I-SUPPLEMENTED FEED Harrah Grace L. Magsino, DVM, Arville Mar Gregorio A. Pajas, DVM, MS and Jezie A. Acorda, DVM, MAgr, PhD Abstract Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a 70 amino acid long polypeptide hormone involved in metabolic regulation of growth and reproduction in livestock. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of activated IGF-I on porcine fetal growth using real-time B-mode ultrasonography. Thirty-seven crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to different treatments composed of basal gestation diets with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 kg/ton activated IGF-I. Feeding trial started from Day 1 post-breeding until farrowing. Dietary supplementation of 1 kg/ton activated IGF-I significantly increased the gestational sac diameter at Day 21, biparietal head diameter at Day 75, and abdominal circumference at Day 100. Sows supplemented with activated IGF-I regardless of inclusion rate had fetuses with high abdominal circumference at Day 75 compared with the control. At birth, average litter weight had an increasing trend with increasing IGF-I concentration. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the potential of activated IGF-I supplementation in increasing fetal growth and consequently, swine production performance. |
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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF HEART , LIVER, SPLEEN, AND KIDNEYS IN THE PHILIPPINE NON-DESCRIPT DOGS Trisha T. Alina Jezie A. Acorda, DVM, MAgr, Phd Arville Mar Gregorio A. Pajas, DVM, MS Abstract The ultrasound features and measurements of the heart, liver, spleen, and kid neys of apparently healthy Philippine non-descript dogs were determined according to: sex (15 male and 10 female), age with 15 samples (≤3 years old) and 10 samples (>3 years old); and weight with 14 samples (≤7 kg) and 11 samples (>7 kg). A Digital Color Doppler Ultrasound System with 7.5 MHz micro-convex scanner was used. The echocar diographic parameters and indices did not show significant difference between age, sex, and bodyweight groups. Right kidney thickness in males was significantly higher than in females. Echo mean values for the liver, spleen, and kidneys did not show significant differences between age, sex, and body weight groups. The ultrasonographic features obtained in the study can be used as references for diagnosis of diseases and disorders in Philippine non-descript dogs. |
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<a href="https://ovcre.uplb.edu.ph/journals-uplb/index.php/PJVM/issue/view/51">https://ovcre.uplb.edu.ph/journals-uplb/index.php/PJVM/issue/view/51</a> |
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